Global business dealt with a dilemma in the wake of Russias invasion of Ukraine: to leave the nation in demonstration of the war and take a monetary hit, or remain and risk substantial reputational damage.

While some left right away after Russian troops got in Ukraine, others attempted to hold on-- just to announce their exit under public pressure months later on.

For those that did leave, their exits took different types: mothballing their operations, handing properties to relied on partners, or carefully structuring deals in order to enable a return in the future.

In total, more than 1,000 foreign companies have actually voluntarily cut their operations in Russia over the previous year, according to a database assembled by researchers at Yale University.

Their exits have indicated numerous substantial modifications for Russian customers.

Hundreds more stay.

In many cases, business have even broadened their operations in Russia, seeking to seize market share from departing companies.

The Moscow Times selected nine multinational companies-- some that left and some that remained-- and evaluated how they responded to Russias invasion.McDonalds Staff at a Vkusno i Tochka fast food restaurant in Moscow.Moskva News AgencyFor numerous Russians, U.S.

fast food giant McDonalds signified the arrival of Western customer commercialism in Russia in the 1990s-- and its departure marked completion of an age.

McDonalds briefly shuttered its restaurants in March and, two months later, it revealed its long-term exit from Russia.

The choice to leave was exceptionally difficult, McDonalds CEO Chris Kempczinski stated at the time.

However, we have a dedication to our global community and should stay steadfast in our values.

McDonalds offered its 850 restaurants to Alexander Govor, a billionaire who currently ran 25 certified locations in Siberia.

In mid-June, the McDonalds flagship restaurant in Moscow, its very first location that opened at the twilight of the Soviet Union, resumed under a brand-new name: Vkusno i Tochka (Tasty-- Period).

Other outlets rapidly followed suit.

Most of the rebranded restaurants menu has stayed the exact same-- although names of trademarked products like Big Mac, Big Tasty and McFlurry are gone and there is a brand-new logo design.

Govor has stated he will increase the variety of Vkusno i Tochka restaurants from 850 to 1,000.

ValioValios Viola cheese.Kirill Zykov/ Moskva News AgencyFinnish dairy producer Valio said it was leaving Russia just two weeks after the Kremlin ordered soldiers into Ukraine.

We strictly condemn Russias attack on independent Ukraine, Valio President Annikka Hurme said at the time.

Ethically, Valio can not continue operations in Russia; for that reason, we are ending business operations in Russia.

At the end of April, Valio sold its Russian possessions to regional food maker Velkom Group.Among the Valio items withdrawn when the company departed were lactose-free milk and infant food from the companys Oddlygood line of product.

Valios baby milk formula was the only one my child wasnt adverse.

When I heard that Valio was leaving Russia I purchased 20 plans at once, unfortunately I could not manage to buy more, otherwise I would, stated Oksana Milina from St.

Petersburg.

Fortunately, I have some good friends who have Finnish passports and when they went to Finland ...

they purchased things I needed for my kid, she informed The Moscow Times.Bonduelle Canned green peas at a Bonduelle plant in the village of Novotitarovskaya.

Valery Matytsin/ TASSThe French manufacturer of frozen and canned veggies got in the Russian market in 1994 and uses more than 1,000 people in the nation.

It has actually refused to leave despite the Ukraine war, pointing out threats to food security.

Nevertheless, the business has actually dealt with a series of reputational blows for keeping a presence in Russia.

A now-deleted message appeared in December on Russian social network VKontakte stating Bonduelle had actually offered over 10,000 food baskets to Russian soldiers in Ukraine.

A few days later on, Ukraines National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption required worldwide sanctions against Bonduelle.

Although Bonduelle rejected the story entirely, dubbing the VKontakte post a fake, some Ukrainian grocery stores-- including Varus, Novus, ATB and Auchan Ukraine-- eliminated Bonduelle products from their stores nonetheless.NissanThe Nissan factory in St.

Petersburg.Anatoly Maltsev/ EPA/ ТАССJapanese automaker Nissan suspended production and imports into Russia in March, however dithered for 7 months over what to do next.

Lastly, the company announced a possession transfer to a regional partner.

The car manufacturer stated the transfer included Nissan Manufacturing Russia, along with local manufacturing and R&D facilities in St.

Petersburg and sales and marketing in Moscow.

Nissan turned over its business to state-owned entity NAMI for simply 1 euro ($1.08) and the deal provides Nissan the right to buy back business within 6 years.

We have actually found the best possible option to support our people, Nissan head Makoto Uchida said in a declaration at the time.

Nissan was one of the last foreign car manufacturers to leave Russia.United Colors of Benetton A United Colors of Benetton shop in Moscow.Pointer/ yandex.mapsAfter Russia sent out tanks into Ukraine, Italian clothes seller United Colors of Benetton said it would suspend all its advancement company strategies in Russia, donate clothes to Ukrainian refugees and offer assistance to Ukrainian refugees in Italy.

At the very same time, however, it continued to operate as normal in Russia.

The Yale University researchers tracking Western business in Russia have actually highlighted that four major Italian fashion brand names-- Benetton, Armani, Diesel and Calzedonia-- have actually all continued working in Russia with no significant changes.

Philips PhilipsIn November, Dutch electronics and innovation giant Philips discovered itself on a boycott list put together by Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba due to its decision to continue operating in Russia.

Shortly after, Philips launched a declaration criticizing Russian military hostility and claiming it had actually minimized its activities in Russia, consisting of stopping deliveries of its consumer health items (other than for specific infant care products) and suspending marketing activities.

We are focusing our remaining activities in Russia on the shipment of medical systems, gadgets and spare parts to health care companies, the company said.However, it is not simply medical gadgets that remain available on Philips Russian online store: as of early February, Russians could still purchase coffee makers, hairdryers and TV sets.

Wella Company/ yandex.mapsGerman cosmetics maker Wella announced in May that it was stopping deliveries to Russia after nearly 30 years.

Russian services have actually apparently had a difficult time finding alternative to Wella hair items, which were incredibly popular in Russian beauty salons.

We have actually been working with Wella products for more than 15 years, stated Irina Dimchenko, the owner of a chain of beauty salons in Moscow.

Many of our regular customers didnt desire another hair dye, however beginning with September all our stocks had run out and we had to find alternatives ...

Fortunately, there is still a huge option of great, expert hair products, she told The Moscow Times.

I used to operate in the Soviet Union when there were no typical hair dyes at all and I am truly afraid that we could go back to that again.

CofixA Cofix outlet in Moscow.cofix.globalThe Israeli coffee chain is among Russias market leaders with more than 270 coffee bar in cities from Moscow and St.

Petersburg to Irkutsk in Siberia and Sochi on the Black Sea.

Forbes Russia in 2015 noted Cofix amongst Russias 10 most successful franchises worth over 5 million rubles.

And it was consisted of on a list of the leading 10 coffee chains checked out by Russians following Starbucks exit, according to research study by media outlet RBC.

Cofix has made no main declaration on their position towards the invasion and appears to not be preparing to leave.

On the contrary, it announced expansion strategies in August.LOccitaneA LOccitane store in MoscowLOccitane/ VKIn the weeks after the intrusion, French appeal brand LOccitane stated it wouldnt leave Russia, claiming it wanted to protect its regional staff from retaliation.

But public criticism led to LOccitane revealing the closure of its Russian stores.In a declaration, the business condemned the invasion of Ukraine and said it would no longer perform any operations in Russia-- nor supply items to Russian merchants.

This was not the end of the LOccitane saga.

By June, the business had supposedly changed its plans once again, deciding to go back to Russia under the name LOccitane (although it was now composed in Cyrillic).

Rostislav Kovalenko, the ex-head of the company in Russia, and three top managers became the owners of the revamped chain.

This implies that while LOccitane is no longer running in Russia on paper, absolutely nothing has actually changed for Russian consumers.

All of the companys 112 stores stay open-- and the items they offer are precisely the very same.