POKHARA, AUGUST 19It has been a year since a 23-year-old woman of Pokhara Sub Metropolitan City-25 got married.

The woman, who is now pursuing her master's level, is planning her pregnancy only after completing her studies.

But she fears that using contraceptives may lead to 'infertility'.

"I am afraid when sometimes friends say that using temporary means of family planning before a baby is born will make it difficult to conceive.

I heard that contraceptives may lead to infertility," she said. Pregnancy related complications claim two women's lives everyday in Nepal SC rules sexual intercourse with underage girl not rape if couple is married However, her spouse is not interested in using contraceptive himself adding to her problem.

"Sometimes the issue is so intense that I fear conceiving a baby while having sexual intercourse.

I am always afraid that my studies will get affected if I have a baby," she shared.A 24-year-old woman, who worked for a private organisation, had to quit her job after she had an unwanted pregnancy. "It has been one-and-ahalf years since I married.

Now, I am five months pregnant.

We had planned on not having a baby for some years.

But I did not use contraceptives as I heard that they may lead to infertility.

My spouse did not use them either," she said.

They had thought of resorting to abortion.

"But we abandoned the idea after we heard that I may not conceive another baby if I abort.

I am now facing many problems since I conceived a baby."A Buhari (daughter in-law) group with 70,000 members has been formed.

The group members every day openly share their problems on social media.

A group member writes, "My husband does not use contraceptives while having intercourse.

We have a three-year-old baby girl.

We are not planning to have another child for some years.

But I had abortion three times after becoming pregnant.

I will gain weight and it will be difficult to conceive a baby if I use temporary means of family planning.

I need appropriate suggestion." Responding to the post, many members suggested having a threemonth contraceptive injection while some others proposed that husbands should use contraceptives.Many married women have misconceptions about contraceptives thus inviting many problems, said health workers.However, doctors have ruled out any such misconception that contraceptive devices lead to infertility.

Women are forced into unwanted pregnancy because they do not consult a doctor, said gynaecologist and obstetrician Dr Madan Khadka.

"There are misconceptions in society that using temporary means of family planning before having a first child leads to infertility.

This is completely baseless.

One should not use contraceptives without doctor's consultation.

All contraceptives are safe.

There is no need to fear," he said.

Temporary means of family planning prevents unwanted pregnancy, he said, adding, "One should not follow misconceptions as contraceptives are scientifically tested.

Such misconceptions about contraceptives may lead to mental and physical problems."The issue of conceiving a child should take place with mutual understanding between both husband and wife."But in our society, having a child is related only to a woman.

Men should cooperate until their wives are ready mentally and physically to have children.

They can use contraceptives," he said.Effects of contraceptives remain only until they are used.One can conceive a baby some time after discontinuing them, he said.

According to him, women of any age group should consult doctors before using contraceptive devices.Despite the campaign 'My Body My Rights' in place, women continue being forced to have unwanted pregnancy, said women rights activist Bina Silwal.

"It requires the protection of the right of reproductive health.

The mindset of treating women as a machine to give birth should be changed," she said.

"Women cannot openly speak about the right of reproductive health under pressure of families.

Women worry about the issue of giving birth after marriage.

There is a situation where only women are subject to use contraceptives or face consequences.

Only women are in tension when they are infertile.

They themselves have to face the consequences of unwanted pregnancy."The responsibility of family planning belongs to both women and men.

But men seek only sexual pleasure by not using contraceptives while women have to face the risk of consequences possibly caused by this, she said.

For increasing equal participation of both men and women in family planning, there is need of public education on reproductive health and understanding between the couple, she viewed.According to Article 38 (2) of the Constitution of Nepal, every woman shall have the right to safe motherhood and reproductive health.

But this has not been practically implemented, said advocate Bhagawati Pahari.

"Monitoring is required to ensure if women's right to reproductive health is being implemented."Women give up their wishes when they put happiness of the family at the centre, and they should become part of the consequence, she viewed."Data showing only a few men using contraceptives has indicated that women are deprived of enjoying their right to reproductive health."According to data with the Ministry of Health and Population for the fiscal 2021-22, three per cent of women underwent sterilisation, and only one per cent men.

Similarly, 14 per cent of women have got birth control implants in place and two per cent copper IUD, and 38 per cent use Depo Provera and 19 per cent pills.

But only 23 per cent of men use contraceptive devices.A version of this article appears in the print on August 20, 2023, of The Himalayan Times. .

This article first appeared/also appeared in https://thehimalayantimes.com